Introduction

In this tutorial, we will walk through how to build a general industry business operating model. This model is an important foundational building block for merger and LBO models. We assume some familiarity with basic accounting and related terms, and will cover advanced topics like deferred taxes, equity method accounting, Dividends Received Deduction, net operating losses, payment-in-kind interest, and alternative minimum tax, to name a few.

 

Create Financial Models 10x Faster with Macabacus

Gain access to 100+ shortcuts, formula auditing visualizations, easy Excel-to-PowerPoint linking and productivity tools to help you accelerate financial modeling and presentations.

Start your Free Trial
 

We begin by setting up the income statement and balance sheet, populating each with most recent year (“MRY”) financial data sourced from a 10-K, annual report, or other filing. If the most recent fiscal year ended December 31, but the most recent quarter ended on June 30, for example, you should show the June 30 data in the first column. That leaves you with a six-month “stub” period from June 30 to the next year-end.

For simplicity and to avoid complications related to timing, we start with MRY in our annual operating model. We build in the flexibility to accommodate stub periods and conversion to a quarterly model with the first populated row in the spreadsheet, “Fractional years per period.” In a quarterly model, the values in this row would all be 0.25. If we had a six-month stub period, the first projected period would be 0.50, followed by 1.00 in each subsequent period. Formulas in this operating model that would be affected by a change in timing link to this row.

We have built into our model five years of projections. For a merger model or a LBO model, you may need to project financials a few more years out. That can be done easily by copying the column in the last projected year over a few more columns.

As we walk through this tutorial, we will highlight changes in each step with black cells at the left edge of affected rows. Also, we will set up some cells to be populated before we are ready to actually populate them. Those cells are highlighted pink as a reminder to address them in a subsequent step.

Discover more topics

Build an operating model
In this tutorial, we will walk through how to build a general industry business operating model.
Read more
Build an M&A model
In this section, we demonstrate how to model a merger of two public companies in Excel.
Read more
Build an LBO model
In this tutorial, we will walk you through building an LBO model in Excel.
Read more
Asset and Stock Deals
The first step in purchase price allocation, or PPA, is to determine the purchase price.
Read more